Beyond 850nm: Progress at Other Wavelengths and Implications from the Standard
Born of necessity of application, the Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is now found in nearly all optical networking systems based on standards such as the IEEE 802.3z and ANSI X3.T11. Reliability continues to be the hallmark of the technology, and the volume manufacturing aspects are now realized. While VCSELs satisfying optical networking standards continue to provide the highest volume applications, the advantages of the technology are beginning to enable novel optical equipment. This paper explores development of VCSELs at wavelengths from 650 to 850nm, and the commercial applications of these devices in both the data communications and optical sensing arenas. VCSELs operating at longer wavelengths are also being developed, but are not at a stage of commercialization to be discussed in this forum.
Beyond 850nm: Progress at Other Wavelengths and Implications from the Standard
